edu.emory.mathcs.backport.java.util.concurrent
Class PriorityBlockingQueue

java.lang.Object
  extended byjava.util.AbstractCollection
      extended byedu.emory.mathcs.backport.java.util.AbstractCollection
          extended byedu.emory.mathcs.backport.java.util.AbstractQueue
              extended byedu.emory.mathcs.backport.java.util.concurrent.PriorityBlockingQueue
All Implemented Interfaces:
BlockingQueue, java.util.Collection, Queue, java.io.Serializable

public class PriorityBlockingQueue
extends AbstractQueue
implements BlockingQueue, java.io.Serializable

An unbounded blocking queue that uses the same ordering rules as class PriorityQueue and supplies blocking retrieval operations. While this queue is logically unbounded, attempted additions may fail due to resource exhaustion (causing OutOfMemoryError). This class does not permit null elements. A priority queue relying on natural ordering also does not permit insertion of non-comparable objects (doing so results in ClassCastException).

This class and its iterator implement all of the optional methods of the Collection and Iterator interfaces. The Iterator provided in method iterator() is not guaranteed to traverse the elements of the PriorityBlockingQueue in any particular order. If you need ordered traversal, consider using Arrays.sort(pq.toArray()). Also, method drainTo can be used to remove some or all elements in priority order and place them in another collection.

Operations on this class make no guarantees about the ordering of elements with equal priority. If you need to enforce an ordering, you can define custom classes or comparators that use a secondary key to break ties in primary priority values. For example, here is a class that applies first-in-first-out tie-breaking to comparable elements. To use it, you would insert a new FIFOEntry(anEntry) instead of a plain entry object.

 class FIFOEntry implements Comparable {
   final static AtomicLong seq = new AtomicLong();
   final long seqNum;
   final Object entry;
   public FIFOEntry(Object entry) {
     seqNum = seq.getAndIncrement();
     this.entry = entry;
   }
   public Object getEntry() { return entry; }
   public int compareTo(FIFOEntr other) {
     int res = entry.compareTo(other.entry);
     if (res == 0 && other.entry != this.entry)
       res = (seqNum < other.seqNum ? -1 : 1);
     return res;
   }
 }

This class is a member of the Java Collections Framework.

Since:
1.5
Author:
Doug Lea
See Also:
Serialized Form

Constructor Summary
PriorityBlockingQueue()
          Creates a PriorityBlockingQueue with the default initial capacity (11) that orders its elements according to their natural ordering.
PriorityBlockingQueue(java.util.Collection c)
          Creates a PriorityBlockingQueue containing the elements in the specified collection.
PriorityBlockingQueue(int initialCapacity)
          Creates a PriorityBlockingQueue with the specified initial capacity that orders its elements according to their natural ordering.
PriorityBlockingQueue(int initialCapacity, java.util.Comparator comparator)
          Creates a PriorityBlockingQueue with the specified initial capacity that orders its elements according to the specified comparator.
 
Method Summary
 boolean add(java.lang.Object e)
          Inserts the specified element into this priority queue.
 void clear()
          Atomically removes all of the elements from this queue.
 java.util.Comparator comparator()
          Returns the comparator used to order the elements in this queue, or null if this queue uses the natural ordering of its elements.
 boolean contains(java.lang.Object o)
          Returns if this queue contains the specified element.
 int drainTo(java.util.Collection c)
          Removes all available elements from this queue and adds them to the given collection.
 int drainTo(java.util.Collection c, int maxElements)
          Removes at most the given number of available elements from this queue and adds them to the given collection.
 java.util.Iterator iterator()
          Returns an iterator over the elements in this queue.
 boolean offer(java.lang.Object e)
          Inserts the specified element into this priority queue.
 boolean offer(java.lang.Object e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
          Inserts the specified element into this priority queue.
 java.lang.Object peek()
          Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of this queue, or returns null if this queue is empty.
 java.lang.Object poll()
          Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, or returns null if this queue is empty.
 java.lang.Object poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
          Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, waiting up to the specified wait time if necessary for an element to become available.
 void put(java.lang.Object e)
          Inserts the specified element into this priority queue.
 int remainingCapacity()
          Always returns Integer.MAX_VALUE because a PriorityBlockingQueue is not capacity constrained.
 boolean remove(java.lang.Object o)
          Removes a single instance of the specified element from this queue, if it is present.
 int size()
           
 java.lang.Object take()
          Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, waiting if necessary until an element becomes available.
 java.lang.Object[] toArray()
          Returns an array containing all of the elements in this queue.
 java.lang.Object[] toArray(java.lang.Object[] a)
          Returns an array containing all of the elements in this queue; the runtime type of the returned array is that of the specified array.
 java.lang.String toString()
           
 
Methods inherited from class edu.emory.mathcs.backport.java.util.AbstractQueue
addAll, element, remove
 
Methods inherited from class java.util.AbstractCollection
containsAll, isEmpty, removeAll, retainAll
 
Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait
 
Methods inherited from interface edu.emory.mathcs.backport.java.util.Queue
element, remove
 
Methods inherited from interface java.util.Collection
addAll, containsAll, equals, hashCode, isEmpty, removeAll, retainAll
 

Constructor Detail

PriorityBlockingQueue

public PriorityBlockingQueue()
Creates a PriorityBlockingQueue with the default initial capacity (11) that orders its elements according to their natural ordering.


PriorityBlockingQueue

public PriorityBlockingQueue(int initialCapacity)
Creates a PriorityBlockingQueue with the specified initial capacity that orders its elements according to their natural ordering.

Parameters:
initialCapacity - the initial capacity for this priority queue
Throws:
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if initialCapacity is less than 1

PriorityBlockingQueue

public PriorityBlockingQueue(int initialCapacity,
                             java.util.Comparator comparator)
Creates a PriorityBlockingQueue with the specified initial capacity that orders its elements according to the specified comparator.

Parameters:
initialCapacity - the initial capacity for this priority queue
comparator - the comparator that will be used to order this priority queue. If , the natural ordering of the elements will be used.
Throws:
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if initialCapacity is less than 1

PriorityBlockingQueue

public PriorityBlockingQueue(java.util.Collection c)
Creates a PriorityBlockingQueue containing the elements in the specified collection. If the specified collection is a SortedSet or a PriorityQueue, this priority queue will be ordered according to the same ordering. Otherwise, this priority queue will be ordered according to the natural ordering of its elements.

Parameters:
c - the collection whose elements are to be placed into this priority queue
Throws:
java.lang.ClassCastException - if elements of the specified collection cannot be compared to one another according to the priority queue's ordering
java.lang.NullPointerException - if the specified collection or any of its elements are null
Method Detail

add

public boolean add(java.lang.Object e)
Inserts the specified element into this priority queue.

Specified by:
add in interface BlockingQueue
Overrides:
add in class AbstractQueue
Parameters:
e - the element to add
Returns:
true (as specified by Collection.add(java.lang.Object))
Throws:
java.lang.ClassCastException - if the specified element cannot be compared with elements currently in the priority queue according to the priority queue's ordering
java.lang.NullPointerException - if the specified element is null

offer

public boolean offer(java.lang.Object e)
Inserts the specified element into this priority queue.

Specified by:
offer in interface BlockingQueue
Parameters:
e - the element to add
Returns:
true (as specified by Queue.offer(java.lang.Object))
Throws:
java.lang.ClassCastException - if the specified element cannot be compared with elements currently in the priority queue according to the priority queue's ordering
java.lang.NullPointerException - if the specified element is null

put

public void put(java.lang.Object e)
Inserts the specified element into this priority queue. As the queue is unbounded this method will never block.

Specified by:
put in interface BlockingQueue
Parameters:
e - the element to add
Throws:
java.lang.ClassCastException - if the specified element cannot be compared with elements currently in the priority queue according to the priority queue's ordering
java.lang.NullPointerException - if the specified element is null

offer

public boolean offer(java.lang.Object e,
                     long timeout,
                     TimeUnit unit)
Inserts the specified element into this priority queue. As the queue is unbounded this method will never block.

Specified by:
offer in interface BlockingQueue
Parameters:
e - the element to add
timeout - This parameter is ignored as the method never blocks
unit - This parameter is ignored as the method never blocks
Returns:
true
Throws:
java.lang.ClassCastException - if the specified element cannot be compared with elements currently in the priority queue according to the priority queue's ordering
java.lang.NullPointerException - if the specified element is null

poll

public java.lang.Object poll()
Description copied from interface: Queue
Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, or returns null if this queue is empty.

Specified by:
poll in interface Queue
Returns:
the head of this queue, or null if this queue is empty

take

public java.lang.Object take()
                      throws java.lang.InterruptedException
Description copied from interface: BlockingQueue
Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, waiting if necessary until an element becomes available.

Specified by:
take in interface BlockingQueue
Returns:
the head of this queue
Throws:
java.lang.InterruptedException - if interrupted while waiting

poll

public java.lang.Object poll(long timeout,
                             TimeUnit unit)
                      throws java.lang.InterruptedException
Description copied from interface: BlockingQueue
Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, waiting up to the specified wait time if necessary for an element to become available.

Specified by:
poll in interface BlockingQueue
Parameters:
timeout - how long to wait before giving up, in units of unit
unit - a TimeUnit determining how to interpret the timeout parameter
Returns:
the head of this queue, or null if the specified waiting time elapses before an element is available
Throws:
java.lang.InterruptedException - if interrupted while waiting

peek

public java.lang.Object peek()
Description copied from interface: Queue
Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of this queue, or returns null if this queue is empty.

Specified by:
peek in interface Queue
Returns:
the head of this queue, or null if this queue is empty

comparator

public java.util.Comparator comparator()
Returns the comparator used to order the elements in this queue, or null if this queue uses the natural ordering of its elements.

Returns:
the comparator used to order the elements in this queue, or null if this queue uses the natural ordering of its elements

size

public int size()
Specified by:
size in interface java.util.Collection

remainingCapacity

public int remainingCapacity()
Always returns Integer.MAX_VALUE because a PriorityBlockingQueue is not capacity constrained.

Specified by:
remainingCapacity in interface BlockingQueue
Returns:
Integer.MAX_VALUE

remove

public boolean remove(java.lang.Object o)
Removes a single instance of the specified element from this queue, if it is present. More formally, removes an element such that , if this queue contains one or more such elements. Returns if and only if this queue contained the specified element (or equivalently, if this queue changed as a result of the call).

Specified by:
remove in interface BlockingQueue
Parameters:
o - element to be removed from this queue, if present
Returns:
true if this queue changed as a result of the call

contains

public boolean contains(java.lang.Object o)
Returns if this queue contains the specified element. More formally, returns if and only if this queue contains at least one element such that .

Specified by:
contains in interface BlockingQueue
Parameters:
o - object to be checked for containment in this queue
Returns:
true if this queue contains the specified element

toArray

public java.lang.Object[] toArray()
Returns an array containing all of the elements in this queue. The returned array elements are in no particular order.

The returned array will be "safe" in that no references to it are maintained by this queue. (In other words, this method must allocate a new array). The caller is thus free to modify the returned array.

This method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based APIs.

Specified by:
toArray in interface java.util.Collection
Overrides:
toArray in class AbstractCollection
Returns:
an array containing all of the elements in this queue

toString

public java.lang.String toString()

drainTo

public int drainTo(java.util.Collection c)
Description copied from interface: BlockingQueue
Removes all available elements from this queue and adds them to the given collection. This operation may be more efficient than repeatedly polling this queue. A failure encountered while attempting to add elements to collection c may result in elements being in neither, either or both collections when the associated exception is thrown. Attempts to drain a queue to itself result in IllegalArgumentException. Further, the behavior of this operation is undefined if the specified collection is modified while the operation is in progress.

Specified by:
drainTo in interface BlockingQueue
Parameters:
c - the collection to transfer elements into
Returns:
the number of elements transferred
Throws:
java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException - if addition of elements is not supported by the specified collection
java.lang.ClassCastException - if the class of an element of this queue prevents it from being added to the specified collection
java.lang.NullPointerException - if the specified collection is null
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the specified collection is this queue, or some property of an element of this queue prevents it from being added to the specified collection

drainTo

public int drainTo(java.util.Collection c,
                   int maxElements)
Description copied from interface: BlockingQueue
Removes at most the given number of available elements from this queue and adds them to the given collection. A failure encountered while attempting to add elements to collection c may result in elements being in neither, either or both collections when the associated exception is thrown. Attempts to drain a queue to itself result in IllegalArgumentException. Further, the behavior of this operation is undefined if the specified collection is modified while the operation is in progress.

Specified by:
drainTo in interface BlockingQueue
Parameters:
c - the collection to transfer elements into
maxElements - the maximum number of elements to transfer
Returns:
the number of elements transferred
Throws:
java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException - if addition of elements is not supported by the specified collection
java.lang.ClassCastException - if the class of an element of this queue prevents it from being added to the specified collection
java.lang.NullPointerException - if the specified collection is null
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the specified collection is this queue, or some property of an element of this queue prevents it from being added to the specified collection

clear

public void clear()
Atomically removes all of the elements from this queue. The queue will be empty after this call returns.

Specified by:
clear in interface java.util.Collection
Overrides:
clear in class AbstractQueue

toArray

public java.lang.Object[] toArray(java.lang.Object[] a)
Returns an array containing all of the elements in this queue; the runtime type of the returned array is that of the specified array. The returned array elements are in no particular order. If the queue fits in the specified array, it is returned therein. Otherwise, a new array is allocated with the runtime type of the specified array and the size of this queue.

If this queue fits in the specified array with room to spare (i.e., the array has more elements than this queue), the element in the array immediately following the end of the queue is set to null.

Like the toArray() method, this method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based APIs. Further, this method allows precise control over the runtime type of the output array, and may, under certain circumstances, be used to save allocation costs.

Suppose x is a queue known to contain only strings. The following code can be used to dump the queue into a newly allocated array of String:

     String[] y = x.toArray(new String[0]);
Note that toArray(new Object[0]) is identical in function to toArray().

Specified by:
toArray in interface java.util.Collection
Overrides:
toArray in class AbstractCollection
Parameters:
a - the array into which the elements of the queue are to be stored, if it is big enough; otherwise, a new array of the same runtime type is allocated for this purpose
Returns:
an array containing all of the elements in this queue
Throws:
java.lang.ArrayStoreException - if the runtime type of the specified array is not a supertype of the runtime type of every element in this queue
java.lang.NullPointerException - if the specified array is null

iterator

public java.util.Iterator iterator()
Returns an iterator over the elements in this queue. The iterator does not return the elements in any particular order. The returned Iterator is a "weakly consistent" iterator that will never throw ConcurrentModificationException, and guarantees to traverse elements as they existed upon construction of the iterator, and may (but is not guaranteed to) reflect any modifications subsequent to construction.

Specified by:
iterator in interface java.util.Collection
Returns:
an iterator over the elements in this queue